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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History and naming of human leukocyte antigens ： ウィキペディア英語版 History and naming of human leukocyte antigens Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) began as a list of antigens identified as a result of transplant rejection. The antigens were initially identified by categorizing and performing massive statistical analyses on interactions between blood types.〔Davis, Daniel M. The Compatibility Gene. How Our Bodies Fight Disease, Attract Others, and Define Our Selves. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.〕 This process is based upon the principle of serotypes. HLA are not typical antigens, like those found on surface of infectious agents. HLAs are ''allo''antigens, they vary from individual to individual as a result of genetic differences. An organ called the thymus is responsible for ensuring that any t-cells that attack self proteins are not allowed to live. In essence, every individual's immune system is tuned to the specific set of HLA and self proteins produced by that individual. (For more information please see immune tolerance). Where this goes wrong is when tissues are transferred to another person. Since individuals almost always have different "banks" of HLAs, the immune system of the recipient recognizes the transplanted tissue as non-self and destroys the offending tissue. It was through the realization of this that HLAs were discovered. == Discovery== The thought that the mammalian body must have some way of identifying introduced foreign particles first arose during World War II. Numerous theories were proposed and it wasn't until 1958 that the first of these identifying proteins was found.〔Irene Park, Paul Terasaki, Origins of the first HLA specificities, Human Immunology, Volume 61, Issue 3, March 2000, Pages 185-189 〕 The first standardized naming system was established in 1968 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System.〔"HLA Nomenclature @ Hla.alleles.org." HLA Nomenclature @ Hla.alleles.org. Anthony Nolan Research Institute, 10 Nov. 2013. Web. 08 Dec. 2013.〕 HLA research didn't heat up until the 1980s when a group of researchers finally elucidated the shape of the HLA-A *02 protein (just one of many specific HLA proteins).〔 Even more recently, in 2010, the WHO committee responsible for naming all HLA proteins revised their standards for naming to introduce more clarity and specificity in the naming system.〔 It started with a plane crash in the height of the London Blitz. The pilot suffered severe burns requiring skin grafts. However, at the time skin grafts were a risky business, often being rejected for unknown reasons.〔 The search for a reason spanned the next four decades and in some areas is still continuing today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History and naming of human leukocyte antigens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.